史宏睿;陕柏峰;周雪;周芸;张锋;张静;张瑛;

• 1:长治医学院护理学系
• 2:太原市红十字血液中心检验科
• 3:山西医科大学汾阳学院护理学系

摘要：

目的了解护理本科生对待死亡和安宁疗护的态度及教育需求,为医学院校开展针对性的安宁疗护课程提供理论依据。方法 2019年5月至12月,采用分层整群抽样法,抽取山西省3所医学院校1 000名护生,采用死亡和安宁疗护态度问卷、安宁疗护教育需求量表进行调查。数据采用SPSS 24.0统计学软件进行分析。结果死亡和安宁疗护态度问卷得分(3.71±0.41)分,安宁疗护教育需求得分(4.20±0.55)分。470人(47.00%)认为有必要将安宁疗护设为一门独立课程,522人(52.20%)建议以"选修课"形式开设,开始时点为"大二"399人(39.90%),517人(51.70%)建议课时设置为"18～36学时";最喜欢的授课形式为课堂讲授结合教学录像,其次为临床见习和情景模拟法。将来愿意从事安宁疗护工作的有167人(16.70%),702人(70.20%)不确定,131人(13.10%)不愿意。不愿意的前三位原因为:担心悲痛、忧伤等负面情绪会影响心理健康,害怕引起家属的不满或引起纠纷,害怕、恐惧死亡。结论护生死亡和安宁疗护态度积极,对安宁疗护教育需求强烈,但安宁疗护就业意愿不稳定。医学院校可结合自身实际循序渐进地开设安宁疗护课程,采用多样化的教学方式,激发护生学习兴趣,提高其安宁疗护服务意愿。

关键词： 护理本科生;安宁疗护;死亡态度;课程

Abstract: Objective To explore nursing undergraduates′ attitudes toward death and palliative care and their educational needs, and to provide a theoretical basis for the development of palliative care courses in medical schools.Methods From May to December 2019, 1 000 nursing undergraduates from three medical schools in Shanxi Province were selected by stratified cluster sampling method. Attitudes toward Death and Palliative Care Questionnaire and Palliative Care Education Demands Scale were used for investigation. The data was analyzed by SPSS 24.0 statis-tical software. Results The score of death and palliative care attitude was(3.71±0.41), and the score of palliative care education needs was(4.20±0.55). 47.00% nursing undergraduates considered it necessary to set up palliative care as an independent course, 52.20% suggested it as an optional course, starts at sophomore year, and 51.70% sug-gested 18 to 36 class hours. Students′ favorite teaching method was classroom teaching combined with playing teaching videos, followed by clinical probation and situational simulation. 16.70% nursing undergraduates would like to work in palliative care in the future. 70.20% were unsure and 13.10% were unwilling to. The main reasons for unwill-ing to work in palliative care department were fear of negative emotions such as grief and sadness affecting mental health, fear of causing dissatisfaction or disputes among family members, and fear of death. Conclusion Nursing undergraduates had a positive attitude towards death and palliative care and strong needs for palliative care education,but their willingness was not stable. It is suggested that medical schools should develop palliative care courses step by step, and adopt diversified teaching methods to stimulate students′ interests and improve their willingness.

Keywords: Nursing undergraduate;Palliative care;Attitude towards death;Course

基金项目: 山西省高校哲学社会科学研究项目（201803091）;; 长治医学院2017年校级大学生创新创业训练计划项目（D2017019）

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